Additional evaluations

When conducting tests of new types of construction or service initiatives on cycle superhighways, it’s important to evaluate and document the impact of the initiative. For example, knowledge of what works and what doesn’t can be used going forward in the development of cycling infrastructure and other new initiatives to promote cycling.

It is a good idea to consider how an evaluation is best conducted in relation to the project’s purpose. For example, it’s a good idea to consider:

  • Whether it is a quantitative or qualitative study that best illuminates the task.
  • If it’s important to understand the users’ own experiences.
  • If it’s ‘enough’ to count bicycle traffic before and after.
  • Whether it’s relevant to make observations of cyclists’ behavior/usage.

Evaluation in connection with upgrading of public transport nodes

Projects related to connecting a cycle superhighway to public transport should also be evaluated. Clear objectives make it easier to know what to measure and evaluate, and the evaluation can be scaled according to the size of the project or upgrade.

Evaluation objectives and parameters

Evaluation objectives and parameters for the upgrade of the connection between a cycle superhighway and a public transport node set by the Cycle Superhighway Collaboration are as follows:

Overall Objective: Increase the number of commuters combining cycling and public transport

Evaluation Parameters:

  • Improved bicycle parking at the transport node
  • Increased proportion of commuters cycling to and from the public transport node
  • Increased number of commuters using the public transport node

Just as the route evaluations of cycle superhighways, both a pre-assessments and a post-assessments should be conducted when evaluating projects related to the upgrade of public transport nodes.

The pre-evaluation and post-evaluation should take place at the same time of year to ensure comparability. The pre-evaluation should occur before the construction work begins, as it will likely affect the use of existing facilities, and there should ideally be a few months between the opening of the facility and the post-evaluation so users can become accustomed to the new offering.

Parameters and methods

Below are recommendations for parameters and methods depending on the desired extent of the evaluation. It is particularly recommended to expand the evaluation when implementing previously untested measures or when investing in “something extra”.

Improved bicycle parking at the transport node

MethodEvaluation scale
Counting the occupancy rate of bicycle parking before and after construction.Basic
Counting of bicycles parked outside and in racks before and after construction.Basic
Before- and after photos  Basic
Counting of bicycle types before and after construction.Extended
Questionnaire on user satisfaction possibly before and after construction.Extended

Increased proportion of commuters cycling to and from the public transport node

MethodEvaluation scale
Counting the occupancy rate of bicycle parking before and after installation Basic  
Passenger numbers, for example from user surveys performed by external counselors, before and after constructionExtended
Count of commuters who take their bikes on public transportExtended
Count of car parking occupancy before and after constructionExtended
Questionnaire about travel habits before and after constructionExtended

Increased number of commuters using the public transport node

MethodEvaluation scale
Number of passengers (boarding and alighting) in public transport at the node, before and after constructionBasic

Evaluation methods

Here you can find a detailed description of the the various evalution methods

Before- and after photos

It is recommended to take before and after pictures of the conditions from different angles. Better to have too many pictures than too few. That way, it becomes possible to show precisely what improvements have been made.

Counts

A count of the number of bicycles parked at the transport node and where they are parked (inside or outside stands), before and after construction provides valuable insight into the effectiveness of new or upgraded bicycle parking.

The count of parked bicycles is typically conducted manually in the morning after the morning rush hour each day for a week.

If possible, consider expanding the count with the following:

  • Count expensive and/or large bicycles, such as e-bikes, racing bikes, and cargo bikes, in both the pre- and post-evaluations to investigate whether it has become safer to park expensive bicycles and whether there are better facilities for large bicycles. This is especially relevant when there are improved options for locking/securing bikes or when there is additional space for large bikes.
  • Count parked cars at the transport node in both the pre- and post-evaluation as an indication of whether there has been a shift from car to bicycle commuting to the hub.
  • Count the number of passengers boarding and alighting with bicycles on trains or buses.

Passenger data

Data about the number of boarding and alighting passengers at a public transport hub or the proportion of passengers who say they arrived at the train or bus with a bicycle are all passenger data. This can provide better insights into commuters’ multimodal travel behavior.

When using passenger data, it’s a good idea to compare it with the trends for other similar stations, so that general fluctuations caused by major societal changes (such as COVID-19 or similar) can be taken into account.

Here are various forms of passenger data you can find:

Boarding and alighting:

  • S-trains and Metro: Data on passengers boarding at S-train and Metro stations on an annual and monthly basis can be found at the Danish civil aviation and railway authority’s website: www.passagertal.dk.
  • Bus and Local Trains: For bus stops and local train stations, Movia holds data from both counts and Rejsekort card data (Applies to the Capital Region and Region Zealand). You can find the various data sets here.

User behaviour and satisfaction:

  • Passagerpulsen continously moniters passengers’ satisfaction and use of public transport. Among other things you can find the proportion of passengers who arrive at the station by bicycle in the National Passenger Satisfaction Survey. Find the survey here.
  • All public transportation companies carry out regular behavior and satisfaction surverys. Both together and separately. Therefore it is recommended to ask them if they already have analyses that shed light on the specific node.

Questionaire

To gain insight into user experience, conducting questionaires is a good idea. They can illuminate user satisfaction with, for example, the bicycle parking area, the connection between the cycle superhighway and the transport node, and the connection between bicycle parking and the platform or bus stop. Additionally, the post-evaluation survey can also shed light on what users did before and whether there has been a change in behavior.

It is recommended to conduct a questionaire both before and after, to ensure that the questions are comparable. However, there may be cases where it is only relevant to conduct a survey after the project has been completed.

The questionnaire can be conducted as stop interviews at relevant locations at the interchange. This could be, for example, near the bike parking area. Since it might be difficult to find time for a full interview during rush hours, commuters could be offered the option to respond to an online survey. They would provide their contact details (email address), after which they would receive a link to the survey to fill out at their convenience. Another option could be to set up a sign explaining the evaluation process, where users can access the questionaire themselves, perhaps via a QR code.

The questionnaire should always be tailored to the specific location and project being evaluated.

Examples of relevant questions to possibly ask in a questionaire:

  • Is X the nearest public transport node to your location?
    • (If no) Why did you choose this station/platform/bus stop?
  • What type of bike did you ride?
  • Where did you park your bike?
  • Do you have any suggestions for improvements to the bike parking facilities?
  • How satisfied are you with the bike parking where you left your bike?”
  • Approximately how far did you cycle to reach the X public transport node? (number of kilometers)
  • Which route did you take to the station? (select a number from the map indicating your route)
    • If yes, please write them here: _______________
  • How satisfied are you overall with the X public transport node?
  • How satisfied are you with the following aspects of the bike parking at the X public transport node?
    • The overall bike parking facilities at the X public transport node
    • The location of the bike parking in relation to your onward journey
    • How easy it was to find your way to the bike parking
    • How easy it is to place your bike in the bike rack
    • Space between bike racks
    • Space between bikes
    • Lighting
    • Cleanliness and maintenance?
  • Do you have any suggestions for improvements to the cycling facilities at the station?
  • After parking your bike at the X public transport node, what did you do next?
    • Continued by train
    • Continued by bus
    • Continued to local activities (e.g., shopping, visiting, attending classes, work, etc.)
    • Continued in another way (please specify) ____________?
  • How safe do you feel at the station and in the station area?
  • How safe do you feel when cycling to the station?
  • What is your gender?
  • What is your age?
  • Which municipality do you live in?

Questions to be added to the post-evaluation:

  • Have you used the new bike parking (or other facilities) at X transport node?
    • (If yes) Do you have any suggestions for improvements to the new bike parking?
    • (If yes) Please write them here: ________________
  • Did you also use X transport node before the new bike parking was established?
    • If no, what did you do before?
      • Just moved to the area
      • Changed to a new workplace/school
      • Cycled to another station
      • Walked to the station
      • Drove a car
      • Took a bus to the station
      • Took a bus
      • Other, please specify: _______________

The Cycle Superhighway Collaboration has evaluated several development projects. Find the evaluations on the cycle superhighway website here, where you also can read previous evalutions, analyses and other publications.